(2013) Chromatin stretch enhancer states drive cell-specific gene regulation and harbor human disease risk variants. Parker SCJ, Stitzel ML, Taylor DL, et al. (2022) The contribution of common and rare genetic variants to variation in metabolic traits in 288,137 East Asians. (2022) Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation. (2018) Fine-mapping type 2 diabetes loci to single-variant resolution using high-density imputation and islet-specific epigenome maps. (2016) The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. Although eQTL or cASE analyses in human islets did not support the association between these additional genes and diabetes risk, the transcriptional regulator JQ1 lowered the expression of multiple genes at the SLC30A8 locus and enhanced stimulated insulin secretion.ĬRISPR-Cas9 genome editing GWAS T2D cASE chromatin gene risk variant super-enhancer transcriptional regulation.įuchsberger C, Flannick J, Teslovich TM, et al. Whilst down-regulation of SLC30A8 had no effect on beta cell survival, loss of UTP23, RAD21 or MED30 markedly reduced cell viability. Deletions of variant-bearing enhancer regions using CRISPR-Cas9 in human-derived EndoC-βH3 cells lowered the expression of SLC30A8 and several neighbouring genes, and improved insulin secretion.
Epigenomic mapping identified an islet-selective enhancer cluster at the SLC30A8 locus, hosting multiple T2D risk and cASE associations, which is spatially associated with the SLC30A8 promoter and additional neighbouring genes. In the present study, combined allele-specific expression (cASE) analysis in human islets revealed multiple variants that influence SLC30A8 expression. Although this protein-coding variant was previously thought to be the sole driver of T2D risk at this locus, recent studies have provided evidence for lowered expression of SLC30A8 mRNA in protective allele carriers.
The lead variant, rs13266634, encodes an amino acid change, Arg325Trp (R325W), at the C-terminus of the secretory granule-enriched zinc transporter, ZnT8. Variants at the SLC30A8 locus are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.